Properties of Sun - like Stars with Planets 1

Radial velocity variations have revealed planets orbiting 51 Peg, 47 UMa, and 70 Vir, and a low-mass companion orbiting HD 114762. We analyze parallel records of photometric measurements and Ca II H and K uxes in those stars. In the case of 51 Peg, the high precision of the diierential photometric measurements made by the 0.75m Automatic Photoelectric Telescope and the nonvariability of the star would allow the detection of a transit of a planet as small as Earth (corresponding to an amplitude of 0.0001 mag) if its orbit were nearly coplanar with our line of sight. No transits were observed. { 2 { For 51 Peg and 70 Vir, the upper limit of non-detection of photometric variability at their companion's orbital periods is (b+y)=2 < 0:00020:0002 mag. For HD 114762, it is V < 0:0007 0:0004 mag. Such small amplitudes of photometric variability seem to eliminate periodic velocity variations expected from p-mode oscillations. All four stars are magnetically quiet; that is, they lack the typical Ca II and photometric variability due to rotation and activity cycles expected from surface magnetic activity in solar-type stars. Such quiescence produces an interesting observational bias that favors the detection of planets from low-amplitude radial velocity or photometric variations by minimizing the contribution from intrinsic stellar variability. We discuss the circumstances for which the probability of planet detections is improved by the reduced level of variability from surface magnetic activity in G and K stars. Stars with low variability in surface activity should be the best candidates for planet searches using radial velocity and photometric techniques. Searches for planets around younger, more active stars will be impeded by variations in velocity or brightness caused by time-varying surface features. The Ca II H and K uxes indicate that all four stars are older than 5 Gyr. Ages were estimated from the average levels of Ca II H and K uxes and an existing relationship of the decrease of Ca II uxes with age on the lower main sequence, and drawn from previous results based on theoretical isochrone tting. Values of the projected rotational velocity, v sin i, are determined for 70 Vir and 47 UMa from high-resolution spectra.